1Lungs in situ Kenhub-Lungs in situ from Kenhub on Vimeo.mp4

Lung anatomy ATF.mp4

Video for lungs and pleura (note that there is a lecture for pleura)

https://youtu.be/66PR3IYWb0A?si=aO3k4j3dzHgiho3t

• Each lung has a half-cone shape. They are spongy, grey, and dark later on (smokers' lungs have black dots from nicotine). They weigh between 600-800gm and consist of 90% air and 10% tissue.

• The right and left lungs have differences between them, which we will discuss further as the lecture progresses. Here are some initial differences:

• Right lung: It is shorter, more vertical, broader, a little larger (due to the liver and middle mediastinum, containing the heart, bulging more to the left than to the right). It is also liner and has 3 lobes (upper, middle, and lower) separated by two fissures (horizontal and oblique).

• Left lung: It is narrower and longer, has 2 lobes separated by a fissure (oblique), and has a cardiac notch and lingula.

Lungs are surrounded by the right and left pleural cavities, and the pleura has two types:

• Visceral: It adheres to the lung tissue and can go inside the fissures. It is innervated by the autonomic nervous system (vagus) and gives the lung a shiny appearance.
• Parietal: It adheres to the thoracic wall and has sensory innervation for pain, touch, and temperature. In case of infections (e.g., pleuritis: infection of the parietal pleura), it causes severe pain in the chest with every breath. If it is pierced, air will flow inside the lung, causing it to collapse and lose its negative pressure. This is called pneumothorax.

Between them, there is a potential space filled with serous fluid that lubricates the lungs during their inflation and deflation.